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A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
A
Acessory cartilages - Small cartilages lateral to the lateral crus. Historically these cartilages were thought to provide a minor contribution to tip support. The accessory cartilages may contribute to support of the external nasal valve. They are not typically seen clinically.
Adenoid - Lymphoid tissue located in the posterior of the nose. Adenoids can cause nasal obstruction when abnormally large. Diagnosis of large adenoids requires nasal endoscopy or a mirror exam. Adenoid tissue typically regresses in adults and may be a sign of allergy, reflux changes or HIV.
Ala - Translates from Latin to mean "wing". The reason for this term is due to the shape of the lower lateral cartilages which can take on a wing like appearance. Makes up a portion of the lower one third of the nose and corresponds to the underlying lower lateral cartilage. In some patients, the ala consists of entirely soft tissue, while in others, the cartilage extends into this region. Over aggressive rhinoplasty can lead to alar retraction, alar collapse, pinched nasal tip.
Alar base- The base of the nostril and how it inserts and relates to the face. This is a suprisingly complex structure with width and shape which can be altered by surgery.
Alar Base Reduction- The process of reducing the alar base. Patients may seek to make the nose either less wide or less flaired. Often times in patient's seeking alar base reduction, the nostrils are horiziontal in shape and patient's may seek a more oval shaped nostril in a vertical direction.
Alar Batten Graft- A structural graft placed within the ala to support and strengthen. In patients with previous rhinoplasty, this graft can be critical to resupport the area.
Alar cartilage - Also known as lower lateral cartilages, they are paired structures which have three portions, a lateral, intermediate, and medial portion.
Alar groove - A groove or depression which that follows the caudal margin of the lateral crus as it leaves the alar rim to run in a more cephalic direction. It separates the tip from the thickened portion of the ala that joins the face at the superior cheek-lip junction.
Alar retraction- When the caudal aspect of the nostril rim is retracted superiorly, leading to excessive nostril show. Must be distinguished from excessive columellar show.
Alar rim graft- A graft placed along the edge of the nostril rim to help improve the appearance of a pinched nasal tip.
Anterior - Front (Corresponds to the side of the body with the face)
Anterior nasal spine - A small portion of bone which can effect the columellar labial angle. Important clinically to distinguish from a prominent posterior septal angle, which is far more common. A prominent nasal spine can make the upper lip look short and tethered.
Augmentation Rhinoplasty- Addition of graft, typically to provide more support to nose and add volume.
B
Base view- As viewed from the bottom of the nose
Bossa (e) When the cartilage creates a contracture or knuckle around the nose, typically after aggressive rhinoplasty. Often times the skin contracts around the bossa, further accentuating its appearance. Bossa are corrected by providing more support to the nose.
Brow tip aesthetic line- a line created from the patient's brow to the tip of the nose which should be smooth and unbroken. May be disrupted by asymmetry or nasal deviation.
Bridge (nasal) - The portion of the nose that is supported by the nasal bones.
Binder's syndrome- A rare disorder characterized by underdeveloped midface, a short nose and flat nasal bridge, and protrusion of the mandible (jaw). Many patients will have difficulty breathing, snoring, with speech, and cosmetically.
Bulbosity A full or round nasal tip. There are many causes of a bulbous nasal tip which includes over developed lower lateral cartilage, soft lower lateral cartilages or widely separated lower lateral cartilages.
C
Canthal - Of, or having to do with the corner of the eyes
Cartilage splitting (intra-cartilagenous) incision - A type of endonasal rhinoplasty maneuver in which the excess cephalic cartilage (top portion of cartilage) is removed while the rest of the cartilage remains intact. The advantages of this approach is that there is less disruption of remaining tissues, minimal swelling occurs postoperatively, and no grafts or internal sutures are required. The disadvantages of this approach is it may be difficult visualization for surgeons with limited endonasal rhinoplasty training and not all noses are candidates for this type of surgery.
Cartilaginous pyramid - The cartilage which sits on top of the septum and is joined by the upper lateral cartilages. Excessive removal of this structure without support may lead to an "inverted V deformity".
Caudal septum - The anterior (front) of the septum which is cartilaginous in nature. The caudal septum has three angle associated with it a anterior, middle and posterior septal angle.
Caudal - Inferior or bottom (towards feet)
Caudal extension graft- A cartilaginous graft used to extend the septum and place the tip in a more favorable position. The graft is suprisingly versatile and can be used for a wide variety of purposes in rhinoplasty. Most commonly used in external rhinoplasty.
Cephalic - Means same as superior when referring to the nose; directed toward or situated on or in or near the head
Cilia The hair on the inside or vestibule of the nose.
Closed rhinoplasty- see endonasal rhinoplasty
Columella - The column at the base of the nose of soft tissue which separates the nostrils (or columna). The incision for external rhinoplasty takes place here.
Columellar labial angle - Curved junction of the columella with the lip.
Columellar lobular angle - The angle formed by the junction of the infra-tip lobule with the columella.
Columellar show- The amount of columella seen on lateral and frontal view.
Collumellar strut - A cartilage graft which is placed between the medial crus to provide tip support Not all columellar struts are the same size. Extended columellar strut is a variant used for cases of profound lack of tip support and columellar spacer may be used to prevent an overly narrow columella.
Concave - Hollowed or rounded inward (i.e. inside of a satellite dish)
Concha The cartilage of the ear which is shaped like a bowl. This is the ear most commonly used for graft in rhinoplasty.
Convex - Curved or rounded out (outside of a ball)
Cosmetic Rhinoplasty Rhinoplasty designed to improve appearance of nose
Cottle Maneuver- The act of displacing the nose laterally to test for breathing and support provided by external nasal valve. Patients with external valve collapse may note improved breathing with this maneuver.
Crooked nose- deviation of the external portion of the nose which can be a result of bony or cartilaginous deformity.
Crus - Generic reference to the lower lateral cartilage. can refer to medial, lateral or intermediate portion of the cartilage.
D
Dome The portion of the lower lateral cartilage most often times responsible for the tip and tip highlights.
Dome binding suture A suture which can be placed between the domes (interdomal suture) or within each dome (intradomal suture) to narrow the nasal tip and dome
Dorsal - Where the lateral surfaces of the upper 2/3 of the nose join in the midline. Sometimes referred to as the dorsum nasi
Delivery approach- The lower lateral cartilages are accessed without a scar on the columella. The main benefits of this approach is that sutures can be placed and excessive cartilage can be excised. More advanced cartilage manipulations may be difficult in some cases.
E
Epistaxis - Nose bleed
ePTFE expanded polyterraflouroethylene, also known as Gore-Tex. Some surgeons use this artificial material in the nose.
Endonasal rhinoplasty- Aka Closed Rhinoplasty Rhinoplasty performed without an incision on the columella.
External nasal valve - External opening of the nostril.
External rhinoplasty- Aka Open Rhinoplasty. A form of rhinoplasty where an incision is made on the columella to gain better visualization and access to placement of cartilage grafts.
F
Frontal view- As viewed from the front
Frontal process - A long plate that is part of the maxillary bone and contributes to the formation of the lateral part of the nose and of the nasal cavity -- called also nasal process
Frontonasal - The frontal bone of the nose
Full transfixion incision- An incision in front of the septum through both sides. May be more destabilizing than a hemi-transfixion incison or Kilian incision.
Functional Rhinoplasty Rhinoplasty that is used to help in either breathing or repair nose after trauma.
G
Glabella - (Latin for "hairless") the area in between the brows right directly above where the root of the nose touches the forehead; the smooth prominence between the eyebrows
Graft A material used to support or shape the nose. It can be autogenous (your own bodies tissues) such as cartilage or can be alloplastic (foreign) such as Gore-Tex or Silicone
H
Hemitransfixion incision - An incision in front of the septum on either the mucosa or vestibular skin. The incision allows the surgeon to lift the covering of the septum (mucoperichondrium) and manipulate the septal cartilage.
I
Inferior - Bottom
Infra-tip lobule - The portion of the lobule between the tip defining points and the columella
Inter-cartilaginous incision - An incision placed just on the lower lateral cartilage side of the junction of the upper lateral cartilage with the lateral crus of the lower lateral cartilage. It can be used to access the nasal dorsum or combined with a marginal incision to deliver the lower lateral cartilages.
Internal nasal valve - The area of the junction of the caudal edge of the upper lateral cartilage with the nasal septum which is the narrowest portion of the nasal airway in a normal nose.
Inverted V deformity- When the middle portion of the nose is pinched and the nasal bones can be seen outlined (looks like an inverted V deformity). Thinner skinned patients, short nasal bones, large nasal humps are all conditions which predispose to this postoperative complication. Aside from cosmetic deformation, these patients may have collapse of their upper lateral cartilages leading to nasal obstruction.
J
K
Keystone area - Junction of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid with the septal cartilage at the dorsum of the nose. If this structure is disrupted, total nasal collapse may result necessitating complex reconstruction of the nose.
Kilian incision- An incision made typically over the cartilage one centimeter poseterior from the mucosal septum. Thought to be less disruptive than hemitransfixion or full transfixion incisions in septoplasty in regards to tip support.
L
Lateral - Of or relating to the side
Lateral view- As viewed from the side
Lobule - The lower part of the nose, aka the nasal tip.
Lower lateral cartilages (LLC) - The paired inferior nasal cartilages consisting of the medial, middle, and lateral crura.
M
Marginal incision - An incision on the inferior surface of the lower lateral cartilages. It is used in both delivery rhinoplasty and external rhinoplasty.
Medial - Being or occurring in the middle
Menton - The chin
N
Nasal bone - The bony portion of the upper one third of the nose which lies inferior to the frontal bones and anterior the maxilla. Suprisingly small and weak in size, the nasal bones fracture quite commonly.
Nasal length - The distance from the top of your nose to the nasal tip. (from radix to tip) Must be distinguished from projection.
Nasal lobule - The lower part of the nose bounded by the anterior nostril edge postero-inferiorly, the supratip area superiorly and the alar grooves laterally.
Nasal obstruction- Restriction of airflow through the nose with normal breathing
Nasociliary nerve - a branch of the ophthalmic nerve distributed in part to the ciliary ganglion and in part to the mucous membrane and skin of the nose --called also nasal nerve
Nasofrontal angle - Angle of demarcation between forehead and nasal dorsum
Nasolabial angle - The angle seen on lateral view formed by a line drawn through the most anterior to most posterior point of the nostril intersecting the vertical facial plane.
Nasopalatine nerve - A parasympathetic and sensory nerve that arises in the sphenopalatine ganglion, passes through the sphenopalatine foramen, across the roof of the nasal cavity to the nasal septum, and obliquely downward to and through the incisive canal, and innervates esp. the glands and mucosa of the nasal septum and the anterior part of the hard palate
Nasopharnyx - The upper part of the pharynx continuous with the nasal passages
Nostril The opening of the nose.
O
Oblique- As viewed from an angle, typically 45 degrees
Open roof - When a large bony nasal hump is removed, there may exist a large gap betwen the nasal bones and the bony septum. Osteotomies may help break the bones and close the roof.
Osteotomies- The breaking of nasal bones, and sometimes maxilla, with a specially designed chisel, to reshape the nasal pyramid.
P
Pinched tip - Refers to the tip being too thin which can occur from improper technique and even nasal valve collapse due to lack of cartilaginous support or removal of scar tissue if revisionary.
Pollybeak deformity - A nasal deformity caused by the supratip becoming the leading portion of the nose rather than the nasal tip. This can occur from excessive soft tissue (typically the surgeon lost too much nasal projection) or excess nasal cartilage (the surgeon failed to remove enough cartilage in profile alignment)
Posterior - Behind
Projection- The measure of how far your nose sticks out from your face.
Ptotic tip- When the nasal tip hangs inferiorly creating an acute nasolabial angle. The ptotic nasal tip may be associated with old age, genetic predispositon, or as a result of surgery or trauma. Some patients notice improved nasal breathing when the tip is raised.
Pyramid (nasal) - (1) Bony pyramid: The bony portion of the nose made up bilaterally of the nasal bone and frontal process of the maxilla.; Cartilaginous pyramid: the cartilage which sits on top of the bony pyramid.
Premaxilla- The superior (top) portion of the upper lip which borders the nose. A depressed premaxilla can be a result of overaggressive primary surgery, congenital deformation (i.e. Binder's syndrome), or even dental abnormality.
Pyriform apeture - The pear-shaped external bony opening of the nasal cavity. called also - piriform, piriformis
R
Radix - Areas of junction between the frontal bone and the dorsum of the nose.
Rasp - A specially designed instrument which helps reduce reshape the bony prominence of the nose.
Revision rhinoplasty- A rhinoplasty to correct a previous rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty - Reshape the nose for functional or cosmetic purposes
Rim incision - An incision placed just within the vestibular edge of the rim of the nares. No real indication for this incision in cosmetic rhinoplasty.
Rocker deformity - When the osteotomy is placed too far superiorly (high) onto the frontal bones, the nasal bones will not be able to be mobilized effectively.
Root (nasal) - There the nose joins the forehead.
S
Saddle nose - A nose marked by depression of the bridge of the nose (hence the nose has a dip in the middle, similar to a saddle). It is important to distinguish whether the saddle is a result of cartilage or bony depresion. A wide variety of disease processes can cause a saddle nose deformity.
Sroll area - The area of recurvature of the lateral crus of the lower lateral cartilage at its junction with the upper lateral cartilage.
septal deviation- When a portion of the cartilage or bony septum protrudes into the nasal airway causing obstruction.
Septoplasty - Surgical repair of the nasal septum
Septorhino - The surgical repair of the nasal septum with added cosmetic techniques as well
Septum (nasal) - The bony and cartilaginous partition between the nasal passages "Divides the nasal passage into two cavities. It consists of a bony (perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer and premaxillary crest), cartilaginous (quadrilateral) and membranous portion."
Sesamoid cartilages - Small cartilages found in the lateral space between the upper and lower lateral cartilages. (lesser alar cartlages)
Short nose- When the nose is short or upturned on lateral view. Patients may complain about excessive nostril show on the frontal view.
Soft tissue triangle - The thin skin fold between the alar rim and the curved caudal border of the junction of the medial and lateral crura. When this is well defined it is referred to as a facet.
Spreader grafts- A long wedge of cartilage placed between the septuma and the upper lateral cartilage to open the internal nasal valve. The graft can also be used after dorsal hump removal to prevent an "inverted V deformity" and improve the brow tip aesthetic line.
Superior - Top
Supratip or supratip area - The area just superior to the nasal tip at the inferior aspect of the nasal dorsum.
T
Tip - Apex of the lobule, but it is frequently used when referring to the lobule.
Transfixion incision - An incision in the membranous septum between the caudal border of the septal cartilage and the columella.
Turbinates - Structures which normally humidify the air you breathe, but can become pathologically enlarged with allery or irritation.
U
Upper lateral cartilages (ULC) - The paired superior nasal cartilages, triangular in shape extending laterally from the dorsal septum making up the lateral walls of the middle third of the nose.
V
Vomer - A bone of the skull that in humans forms the posterior and inferior part of the nasal septum comprising a vertical plate pointed in front and expanding at the upper back part into lateral wings
Vibrissa (plural: vibrissae) - Any of the stiff hairs growing within the nostrils that serve to impede the inhalation of foreign substances
W
Weir incision- An incision which is used to narrow the base of the nostrils. It is most often refers to all incisions which narrow the alar base.
Z
Anatomy
Glossary
Types
Male Rhinoplasty
Asian Rhinoplasty
Revision Rhinoplasty
Auricular Cartilage Grafting in Rhinoplasty
Costal Cartilage Grafting in Rhinoplasty
Nasal Obstruction
Septoplasty
Open Versus Closed Rhinoplasty
Alar Retraction
Crooked Nose Deformity
Augmentation Rhinoplasty
What's New
Videos
Pre and Postop Instructions
Indian Rhinoplasty
"The nose should fit the face"
A strong jawline would suggest a stronger nose.
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