BOTULINUIM TOXIN AND FACIAL FILLERS

What is the mechanism of BOTOX?

Simple answer: it creates a selective nerve block, preventing a muscle from being stimulated.

Scientific answer: Botox causes an irreversible blockade at the neuromuscular junction, which lasts 3-5 months. The steps involved in its function are 1) binding to the presynaptic neuron, 2) internalization and 3) inhibition of acetylcholine release. The resultant paralysis resolves when new nerve endings for synapses at distant sites in the muscle.

Do certain muscles make differnt wrinkles than other muscles?

Yes, it is very important to know your facial anatomy in order to selectively target the muscles responsible for wrinkles.

Below is a scientific explantion:

- Corrugator supercili vertical rhytids; arises from the orbital rim near medial canthus run superio-laterally into the deep surface of the frontal belly of the occipitalfrontalis; draws the medial end of the eyebrow downward; demonstrates concern

- Procerus horizontal rhytids on nasion; continuous with the frontalis passes from the forehead over the bridge of the nose drawing medial part of eyebrow inferiorly; attempts to reduce glare of bright light and frowning; supplied by buccal branch

- Frontalis horizontal rhytids on forehead; anterior part of occipitofrontalis; arises from anterior part of epicranial aponeurosis and attaches to the skin of the eyebrows; *has no bony attachment*; elevates eyebrow surprised look; supplied by temporal branch

- Orbicularis occuli crow’s feet*; oval sphincter around orbital margin and eyelids; 3 parts: lacrimal (draws eyelids and lacrimal puncta medially), palpebral (gently closes the eyelids), *orbital (strongly closes eyelids); supplied by zygomatic branch

All muscles of facial expression arise from the 2nd pharyngeal arch and supplied by CN 7

What is nasolabial line/ nasolabial fold/ nasojugal crease.